The Victorian Teachers' Union was established following negotiations from 1923 to 1926 between the Victorian State School Teachers' Union, the Victorian High School Teachers' Union and the Victorian Technical Teachers' Association. These three organisations amalgamated on 13 August 1926 to form the Victorian Teachers' Union with a membership of about 5000. In 1948 secondary teachers broke away from the VTU to form the Victorian Secondary Masters' Professional Association which in 1953 became the Victorian Secondary Teachers' Association. Technical Teachers left in 1967 and formed the Technical Teachers' Association of Victoria. In November 1974 the Union moved to new Headquarters in Camberwell. Growing dissatisfaction with the Victorian Teachers' Tribunal led in 1976 to an agreement between the VTU, Technical Teachers' Association of Victoria and the Victorian Secondary Teachers' Association to work together on the basis of joint policy, for improved industrial relations for teachers. In August 1981 the VTU Victorian Federation subcommittee agreed that there should be a Victorian Teachers' Federation modelled on the NSW Teachers' Federation. In July 1984 the Teacher's Federation of Victoria was established as an umbrella organisation for industrial purposes, with the three teacher unions remaining autonomous. The Teachers' Federation of Victoria is now the Victorian Branch of the Australian Education Union following an affiliation in 1993.

In 1967, technical teachers of the Victorian Teachers' Union left to form the Technical Teachers' Association of Victoria and later became known as the Technical Teachers' Union of Victoria. Although a breakaway from the VTU, growing dissatisfaction with the Victorian Teachers' Tribunal led, in 1976, to an agreement between the VTU, Technical Teachers' Union of Victoria and the Victorian Secondary Teachers' Association to work together on the basis of joint policy, for improved industrial relations for teachers. In August 1981 the VTU Victorian Federation subcommittee agreed that there should be a Victorian Teachers' Federation modelled on the NSW Teachers' Federation. In July 1984 the Teacher's Federation of Victoria was established as an umbrella organisation for industrial purposes, with the three teacher unions remaining autonomous. In 1990 the Technical Teachers' Union of Victoria and the Victorian Teachers' Union amalgamated as the Federated Teachers' Union of Victoria. By 1995 the Victorian Secondary Teachers' Association had amalgamated with the FTUV to form the Victorian Branch of the Australian Education Union.

The Technical Teachers' Union of Victoria was formed from the Technical Teachers' Association of Victoria which had operated independently from the Victorian Teachers' Union since 1967. Although a breakaway from the Victorian Teachers' Union, growing dissatisfaction with the Victorian Teachers' Tribunal led, in 1976, to an agreement between the Victorian Teachers' Union, the Technical Teachers' Union of Victoria and the Victorian Secondary Teachers' Association to work together on the basis of joint policy, for improved industrial relations for teachers. In August 1981 the VTU Victorian Federation subcommittee agreed that there should be a Victorian Teachers' Federation modelled on the NSW Teachers' Federation. In July 1984 the Teacher's Federation of Victoria was established as an umbrella organisation for industrial purposes, with the three teacher unions remaining autonomous. In 1990 the Technical Teachers' Union of Victoria and the Victorian Teachers' Union amalgamated as the Federated Teachers' Union of Victoria. By 1995 the Victorian Secondary Teachers' Association had also amalgamated with them to form the Victorian Branch of the Australian Education Union.