Brij Vilash Lal was born in the village of Tabia, on the island of Vanua Levu. He received his tertiary education at the University of the South Pacific, the University of British Columbia and the Australian National University. He joined the Australian National University in 1990 working in the Department of Pacific History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. His prior teaching posts in World and Pacific History were held at the universities of the South Pacific, Hawaii in Manoa, and Papua New Guinea. Lal was a member of the Fiji Constitution Review Commission whose report forms the basis of Fiji's constitution; Founding Editor of 'The Contemporary Pacific: A Journal of Island Affairs,' (Honolulu) and of 'Conversations,' (Canberra); Editor, The Journal of Pacific History; Chairman, Pacific Manuscript Bureau; Founding Director of The Centre for the Contemporary Pacific, ANU; Convenor, Division of Pacific and Asian History and former Chair of Faculty, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, ANU. He was elected Fellow of the Australian Humanities Academy in 1996. He is currently Professor of Pacific and Asian History at the ANU College of Asia and the Pacific.

Professor Arthur Burns was a Professor of Political Science, specialising in superpower rivalry, nuclear weapons and game theory. Born in Summer Hill, Sydney on 24 March 1922 to Crayton and Denise Burns, Arthur Burns was educated at Scotch College, before studying history, theology and philosophy at the University of Melbourne. In 1946 he was awarded a Masters in Philosophy and History for his thesis on Historical Explanation. In the same year Burns married Netta Cox, and was ordained as a Presbyterian minister. In 1947 to 1948 he attended the London School of Economics under a British Council Scholarship. On returning to Melbourne, Burns tutored and lectured in Church History at Ormond College Theological Hall, and in History at the University of Melbourne. He was appointed Research Fellow in International Relations within the Research School of Pacific Studies at the Australian National University in 1955. In 1961 Burns transferred to the Department of Political Science, Research School of Social Sciences, where he oversaw a Defence Studies Project 1963 – 1966, which was managed by the department on behalf of the Australian Institute of International Affairs. Burns was appointed to second Chair in the Department in 1966. He undertook international posts at a variety of institutions including the Universities of Princeton and Chicago, and the Royal Institute of Strategic Studies. Burns published prolifically in the 1950s and 1960s, with his major works being From Balance to Deterrence (1956), and Of powers and their politics: a critique of theoretical approaches (1968). Burns was involved in litigation with the ANU 1981 to 1994 after his employment was terminated. He was an independent candidate for the Australian Capital Territory Assembly in 1995 as part of the Abolish Self Government Coalition, but died five days before the election.

Professor Spriggs is the Professor of Archaeology in the School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences at the ANU. Prior to this he was a Senior Research Fellow in Archaeology and Natural History, in what is now the College of Asia Pacific. Before joining the ANU in 1987, he was an Associate Professor in the Anthropology Department of University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. His research interests are the archaeology of Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, and Cornish Studies.

Founded in Victoria as the Ancient Order of Foresters in 1849 to provide mutual support during illness and after death for members.
The company is member-owned and currently has over 80,000 members, for whom it provides investment and insurance services.

Robert Crawford is Professor of Advertising in the School of Media and Communication at RMIT University.
His research focuses on the growth and development of the advertising, marketing, and public relations industries nationally and internationally.

The Drill Hall was built in 1940 to train soldiers for the Second World War. The 3rd Battalion, Werriwa Regiment was based in this building in 1941-2. In 1984 the interior was superbly remodelled to create an art gallery which is considered one of the most beautiful of its kind. In 2004 a Heritage order was placed on the building.
While the National Gallery of Australia waited for the completion of its building, temporary exhibitions of the national collection were held here. In 1992 the Australian National University took over the Drill Hall Gallery as a showcase for its own art collection and as a venue for temporary exhibitions. There are 4 discrete exhibition spaces.

The Gallery is a venue of choice for many of Australia’s leading contemporary artists, curators and collectors. We have developed a proud tradition of impeccably presented landmark exhibitions accompanied by scholarly publications. Sidney Nolan’s 9-panel panorama, Riverbend (recently nominated among the ten must-see art treasures of Canberra) is on permanent display in the Riverbend Room.

The Drill Hall Gallery provides the Canberra community and ANU with a selective program of high quality exhibitions of Australian and international art. The Gallery supports the arts in the Canberra region by presenting exhibitions developed in conjunction with the University’s wide-ranging academic interests and/or to coincide with major conferences and public events. National and international exhibitions – and works from the University’s own extensive collection – are features of the Gallery’s program. Surce: Quoted from https://dhg.anu.edu.au/about/ on 9 January 2023

The ANU Emeritus Faculty was established as a collegiate organisation within the University to provide opportunities for retired academic and professional staff to continue to contribute to the academic and cultural life of the university.

Jai Ram Reddy was born on 12 May 1937 in Lautoka, Fiji. He completed a Bar-at-Law from the University of New Zealand, Wellington 1956-1960. Reddy entered politics in the 1970s as leader of the National Federation Party (NFP) and leader of the Opposition. His political appointments included Leader of the Opposition’s nominee in the Senate 1972-1976; Member of the House of Representatives April 1977; Leader of the Opposition 1977-1984; Attorney General and Minister of Justice April-May 1987; Member, Falvey Constitution Review Committee July 1987; NFP-FLP nominee to the Deuba Accord Committee September 1987; Member of the House of Representatives 1992; Leader of NFP and Leader of the Opposition 1992–1999; Member, Joint Parl. Select Committee on Constitution Review (1995-1997). He was a co-principal architect of the 1997 Constitution of Fiji, and a supporter of reconciliation in post-1987 Fiji. Reddy was defeated in the 1999 general elections and departed from politics in the same year. He then took up the position of President, Fiji Court of Appeal (March-August 2000; January 2002-April 2003) and Permanent Judge, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 2003-2008.

The Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies was established in 1948 as the Research School of Pacific Studies, changing its name in 1994. It is Australia’s pre-eminent centre for research and postgraduate training in the Asia-Pacific region, with one of the largest concentrations of expertise in the world. Priority areas for research are Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and the Southwest Pacific. Research is multidisciplinary and is focused on anthropology, archaeology, economics, history, human geography, international relations, linguistics, political science, resource management and strategic defence studies. In 1947 New Zealander Raymond Firth, an anthropologist who had published widely on the Pacific and Southeast Asian region, was invited by the Interim University Council to act as the Academic Advisor for Pacific Studies with the hope that he would take on the job as Foundation Professor. Firth’s initial plans for the School of Pacific Studies were that it would have an emphasis on human studies and be concerned mainly with the Pacific Island territories for which Australia was responsible. In contrast to this, proposals put forward by Sir Frederick Eggleston to the Academic Advisory Committee, before Firth’s appointment, called for a school that was to also have an Asian focus and concentrate on political problems in the Pacific. In 1949 Firth resigned from the Academic Advisory Committee, deciding not to make the move permanently to Australia from England, giving Eggleston the opportunity to substitute a broader scope for the School including India, Southeast Asia, China and Japan. In mid-1949 Firth was persuaded to resume his role as Academic Advisor and made the initial appointments of chairs to Siegfried Frederick Nadel (Anthropology and Sociology), Walter Russell Crocker (International Relations), James Davidson (Pacific History), and Oskar Spate (Geography) and the appointments of Readers W.E.H. Stanner (Comparative Social Institutions) and C.P. Fitzgerald (Far Eastern History). Further departments were added: Economics (1960), Linguistics (1968), Prehistory (1969), and the New Guinea Research Unit (1961). The Geography Department reformed as two departments in 1968: Biogeography and Geomorphology, and Human Geography. Its name was changed to the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies in 1994, to reflect the balance of research activity in the School which had shifted significantly from the Pacific towards Asia.

Edward Adley Owen was employed by CSR at the Labasa Mill in Fiji circa 1909-1910. He died in Sydney on 17 May 1929, aged 41 years.

Forestry Australia was previously known as The Institute of Foresters of Australia and Australian Forest Growers. The Institute of Foresters of Australia was created in 1935 as the professional membership body for people trained in forest science. Australian Forest Growers was previously known as the Australian Forest Development Institute when it was founded in 1969.

The Peel River Land and Mineral Company (Peel Company) was formed in 1853 after gold was discovered on the banks of the Peel River. It was established by Act of Parliament in London to purchase the Peel River Estate (Goonoo Goonoo) from the Australian Agricultural Company (AACo). The gold mining activity was short lived. The Peel Company then concentrated on working sheep and cattle on the property. It also made early ventures into Queensland: Cashmere (near St George 1861-1873); Corona and Nile (near Winton 1875-1881) and Currawhillingi (NSW/Qld border 1881-1918) as well as Eagle Grange (NSW 1898-1918); Moorlands station (Tamworth); Avon Downs (NT); Mt Alfred and Mt Margaret stations (Qld). From 1849 the Peel Company laid out town lots in (south) Tamworth. From the 1870s farm lots were laid out in several subdivisions around the town. In 1909, 88,518 acres were resumed by the NSW Government for closer settlement; a further 17,500 acres in 1938 and 18,150 acres in 1952. The Goonoo Goonoo homestead block was sold in 1985.

The first General Superintendent of the Peel Company was Philip Gidley King (1854-1904) who was succeeded by his son, G B G King (1904-1910) and grandson, G M G King (1910-1930). They were followed by J F Holloway (1930-1932). From 1932 the AACo and the Peel River Land & Mineral Company were jointly managed in Australia. The companies together purchased a number of properties including Caldervale (near Tambo, Qld) in 1934 and the Coonamble Properties (Sandcycamp, Pillicawarrina and Narraway, NSW) in 1948.

In 1959 the AACo acquired the whole share issue of the Peel River Land & Mineral Company and the company was delisted from the London stock exchange.

James Patrick Sinclair was born in Dubbo NSW on 18 April 1928. He attended Dubbo High School, Sydney Grammar School and the Australian School of Pacific Administration (ASOPA) in Sydney. In November 1947, he Joined the Department of District Services and Native Affairs, Administration of Papua New Guinea. After attending an orientation course at the Australian School of Pacific Administration he proceeded to Papua New Guinea in August 1948 as a cadet patrol officer. He also attended the No 4 Long Course at ASOPA in 1953 - 1954. From 1948 to 1975 he served successively on many stations as a patrol officer, assistant district officer, deputy district commissioner and district commissioner. He was the last Australian District Commissioner of the Eastern Highlands District, 1969-1974.

During his service James Sinclair conducted extensive exploratory and pacification patrols in Morobe and Southern Highlands Districts. He opened the station of Koroba in 1955, Lake Kopiago base camp in 1956 and explored the then Uncontrolled area to the Strickland River until late 1958. He married Janece Marie McGrath in January 1959 and had three children. He subsequently served in charge of the Wau, Finschhafen and Lae Sub-Districts before moving to the Eastern Highlands in 1968.

James Sinclair retired in August 1975 following Independence in Papua New Guinea. He returned to his previous hobby of writing on Papua New Guinea history, which became a full-time occupation and he has since published more than 30 books. His first book, ‘Behind the Ranges’¸ was published in 1966 and told of his exploratory work in Morobe and the Southern Highlands. In 2013, several publications edited by James Sinclair were ready for publication, including publications about Peter Fox, A Lloyd Hurrell and John Middleton. Jim died on 9 October 2017.

Honours: James Sinclair has been awarded an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1992; the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters from the Australian National University in 1999; and a Companion, Order of the Star of Melanesia (PNG) in 2008.

Hans Pillig worked in the ANU Design Unit.

Eliot Valens Elliott was born Victor Emmanuel Elliott in New Zealand in 1902. He joined the Federated Seamen’s Union of Australasia (FSUA), later the Seamen’s Union of Australia (SUA) at the age of 17 and worked stoking boilers. He quickly earned a reputation as a tough delegate focused on campaigning for better working conditions. Elliott came to prominence during the 1935 seamen’s dispute as Assistant-Secretary of the Sydney strike committee and was elected Queensland Branch Secretary of the FSUA. By late 1924 his sailing records showed a change of name to Eliot V Elliott.

He became General Secretary of the FSUA in 1941 and in 1942 served as the seamen’s representative to the Maritime Industry Commission. He was also active in the international labour movement, sponsoring union recruitment and organisation among Australian and visiting seamen and promoting collective action by Chinese, Greek and Indonesian seamen. Although he led the SUA in their opposition to the Korean and Vietnam Wars, he generally relied on negotiation skills rather than engaging in costly strike action. He was a fierce opponent and defended the rights of SUA members in bitter battles with BHP and the Utah Development Co.

In 1949 Elliott joined the CPA’s central committee and was appointed vice-president of the maritime section of the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), which had strong backing from the USSR. Although the Australian Council of Trade Unions withdrew from the WFTU that same year, the SUA didn’t disaffiliate until September 1952. Elliott maintained a long-term pro-Moscow view, which contributed to his removal from the central committee of the CPA in 1969, and him joining the new Socialist Party of Australia in 1971.

Elliott's long-time partner was prominent trade unionist and activist Kondelea Xenedohos (more commonly known as Della Elliott), whom he met while both were working for the WWF.

After 37 years as General Secretary, he retired from the SUA in 1978. He died in Sydney on 26 November 1984, survived by Della and his son.

The official theatre company of the ANU College of Arts and Sciences

Mervyn Meggitt served in the Royal Australian Navy during World War II before enrolling at the University of Sydney, where he graduated with Double Honours. Meggitt's first fieldwork was with the Walbiri in Central Australia. He published Desert People based on his Walbiri study. His next field work location was in the Papua New Guinea Highlands, studying the Enga. Between 1955 and 1961 he spent 21 months in Papua New Guinea. During this time he was also a lecturer at the University of Sydney. Between 1962 and 1965 he took up a fellowship at Manchester University, followed by visiting professorships in the USA. In 1965 he returned to the United States as a professor at the University of Michigan. In the 1967 he moved to a position at Queens College, City University of New York, where he remained until his retirement as Distinguished Professor Emeritus in 1992. He made his last visit to the Highlands in 1982.

The Jabal Indigenous Australian Centre provided a meeting place for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students studying at the Australian National University in Canberra, as well as student support services, recruitment and exhibitions. The Centre opened in May 1989 as the Aboriginal Liaison office and Students Support Centre. Bob Randall was the Centre's first Aboriginal Liaison Officer. By 1993, it became known as the Jabal Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Centre with Ms P Kemp-Elliott appointed as Director. In 2012 Dr Anne Martin was appointed Director and the Centre was re- named Tjabal Indigenous Higher Education Centre.

The Mount Bischoff Tin Mining Company was formed in 1873 under the direction of James Smith and Launceston solicitor, William Ritchie. The company ran the Mount Bischoff Tin Mine, which struggled to survive in the early days. This was mainly due to the fact that the unmade roads which accessed the mine were almost impassable for many months of the year. Eventually a tramway was built to overcome the transport problems and the mine became a successful venture. The Mount Bischoff Tin Mining Company was also responsible for installing Tasmania's first hydro electric generating plant (1893). The power was initially used to supply lighting for the works area and the Mine Manager's residence.

Drug Houses of Australia Ltd. was established through the amalgamation of a number of leading pharmaceutical companies in 1930. Its Associated (Trading) houses were A.M. Bickford & Sons Ltd.; Elliotts & Australian Drug Pty. Ltd., Sydney; Felton, Grimwade & Duerdins Ltd., Melbourne (Felton Grimwade & Co. Ltd. of Melbourne, established 1867); Felton, Grimwade & Bickford Ltd., Perth; Taylors, Elliotts & Australian Drug Pty. Ltd. It took 21 years for complete amalgamation of 7 companies, including these, and J. Bosisto & Co. Pty. Ltd., under the D.H.A. Ltd. label. D.H.A. Ltd. continued to expand as a pharmaceutical maker and distributor until the late 1960s, and was taken over by Slater, Walker Security Ltd. in late 1968. D.H.A. Ltd. was ASX delisted from 7 May 1969. It operated as a Slater Walker Australia (SWA) subsidiary, DHA Pharmaceuticals Pty. Ltd. until 1974, when SWA phased out its wholesaling activities.

Registered in Melbourne to deal in telegraph and telephone equipment. Acquired by Philips Australia in 1970.

Wallaroo - Mount Lyell Fertilisers Ltd. emerged in 1914 from the amalgamation of the Wallaroo Phosphate Company (established 1899) and the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company (established 1907). Mount Lyell had a plant at Birkenhead while Wallaroo's plant was located at Wallaroo.

Peter Georg Sack was associated with the Department of Law, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University from 1957-1998. He was a scholar from May 1967; Research Assistant from January 1971; and appointed to Research Fellow on 16 April 1971; then Fellow from 1975 and Senior Fellow in Law, 1984-1988. Sack’s research interests were in European land acquisition and land tenure in Papua New Guinea. After his retirement from the RSSS in 1998, Sack was Visiting Fellow in Pacific and Asian History.

Paul Munro was born in Condobolin, New South Wales on 13 July 1939. He graduated from Sydney University Law School and was admitted to the NSW Bar in 1961. From July 1961 he worked as a Legal Officer at the Public Solicitor’s Office in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. From 1966 to 1968 Munro was an Industrial Advocate for the PNG Public Service Association, which led to his work in industrial relations. Munro was National Secretary, Council of Australian Government Employee Associations 1969-1977; he worked with Dr H C Coombs on the Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration 1974-1976; and was Federal Secretary of the Administrative & Clerical Officers' Association (ACOA) 1979-1986. His service as a union official included five years as a member of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) Executive and he was later a part-time member of the Administrative Review Council. Munro served from 1986 to 2004 as Justice Munro, a Senior Presidential Member of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) and its predecessors. He has been on the Australian Institute of Employment Rights Executive Committee since its establishment in 2005.

Tom Brislan attended Catholic Schools and was involved in a wide range of occupations and unions, both urban and rural, in Queensland and New South Wales. In the 1940s he was prominent in the Australian Communist Party, from which he withdrew after being dropped from the Central Committee in 1951. Brislan was Secretary of the Balmain Branch of the Federated Ironworkers' Union in 1943. From 1940s-1951 he was on the Central Committee, Communisty Party of Australia. He was working on his autobiography, A Maverick among Marxists, before he died in 1973.

Born in 1891 at Thebarton, South Australia, Clarence "Clarrie" Campbell was 23 when he joined the Australian Imperial Force, and served in Gallipoli from 1914-1916. He returned to Australia in 1916 and campaigned against the Conscription movement. He became an Industrial Chemist and founded two companies, United Lubricants Pty Ltd and Australian Bitumen Company Ltd. He was active in the Australia-India Association and Australia-Indonesia Association. His involvement with the Indian Seamen's Club in Sydney engaged him in trade union activities as Treasurer and executive officer of the Indian Seamen's Union in Australia. Campbell was a member of the Communist Party of Australia and was NSW Endorsed Labor Candidate in 1940. From 1946-47, he was appointed Indonesian Trade Commissioner in Australia. A supporter of the Indonesian independence movement Campbell founded Asian Airlines with another activist and businessman, Kenneth Frederick Wong in 1947. When Wong died in 1948, Campbell moved permanently to Singapore where he died in 1972.

The origins of Burns, Philp and Company Limited can be traced to the partnership between James Burns and Robert Philp formed in 1876. The company was incorporated in Sydney on 21 April 1883 with Burns and Philp as joint Managing Directors until Philp resigned from the Board in 1892. By the end of the 1880s the company had branches in Townsville, Normanton, Burketown, Thursday Island, Cairns, Charters Towers, Sydney, Brisbane and London. By this date the interests of the company included merchandising, shipping with its own vessels, and as an agent for the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company (AUSN), and insurance, with the establishment of the North Queensland Insurance Company as a subsidiary in 1886. In 1886 Burns and Philp agreed to run a mail steamer from Thursday Island to Port Moresby where a branch was established in 1890. In 1889 the company diversified into plantation ownership with the formation of the Australasian New Hebrides Company which purchased about 80,000 acres of land in the New Hebrides. In the late 19th century and early 20th century the company extended its area of interest from Melanesia to the Central Pacific, Fiji, Tonga and Samoa. In 1908 a branch was established in Java at Samarang and in 1915 a branch in Wellington. Burns Philp Company of San Francisco Inc was set up in June 1917. To consolidate its interests in acquiring plantations, the company formed subsidiary companies to run and manage plantations. Hall Sound Co was formed in 1900, the Solomon Island Development Co in 1908, Shortland Island Plantations Ltd in 1910, Choiseul Plantations Ltd in 1911, New Britain Plantations Ltd and New Ireland Plantations Ltd were established in 1930, and Kulon Plantations Ltd and New Hanover Plantations Ltd in 1931. The company set up subsidiaries to control geographic areas of operations, the largest being Burns Philp (South Sea) Company Limited which was incorporated in March 1920. In 1946 two other major subsidiaries were established, Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Ltd, and Burns Philp (New Guinea) Ltd. Burns Philp (Norfolk Island) Ltd was set up in 1973. In the 1930s the company moved into urban retailing and established the company Penneys Ltd which was sold to Coles in 1956. From the 1960s the company's shipping activities declined following the Commonwealth Government's decision to withdraw the shipping subsidy. The company moved into the manufacture of food and beverages, photographic and electrical goods, vehicle sales and rental, distribution of home building materials, hardware, liquor wholesaling and provision of financial investment and trustee services. Takeovers have included A J Chown Holdings Limited (1973); Yencken Glass Industries Limited (1973); Ira Berk Limited (1976); Sun Electric Consolidated Limited (1976); Mauri Bros & Thomson Limited (1982); and Nock & Kirby Holdings Ltd (1983). The company was delisted from the Australian Stock Exchange in December 2006 having been acquired by Rank Group Australia Pty Limited.

Samuel Page & Son Ltd was a London-based provisions trader, especially with East Africa and New Zealand. The firm was bought by Dalgety in 1957.

The London and Liverpool company of export merchants was established since 1852, with mainly South African and New Zealand interests. The company voluntarily wound up in 1964.

Birrindudu is a large station in the Western Victoria River district. In 1963 the proprietors were R J & W A Young. The station is now owned by the Heytesbury Cattle Company.

A pastoral property in the Parkes district of New South Wales later owned by John David Hill and his family. Previous stock and station owners for Mercadool station include Firebrace & Co and the executors of R E Firebrace (c. 1893 - c. 1907); Field and Moses Brothers (c. 1915 - c. 1923); A P Hunter and A P Hunter & Sons (c. 1925 - c. 1950). In June 1950 the property was purchased by Harold John Hill who ran the property with his son John David Hill, as J H Hill & Son, until his death in 1956. J D Hill managed Mercadool until he died in 1991.

Wave Hill Station is located approximately 600km south of Darwin in the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory. Wave Hill Station was established in 1883. Vesteys, a British pastoral company owned the cattle station since 1914 and ran the station through its subsidiary the Wave Hill Pastoral Co Ltd. In 1954 Vesteys took out the first pastoral development lease for its Wave Hill property. The station is most famous for being home of the ’Wave Hill Walk-off’ in 1966, when Vincent Lingiari, a Gurindji spokesman, led a walk-off of 200 Aboriginal stockmen, house servants, and their families from Wave Hill as a protest against work and pay conditions.

In 1862 the brothers Arthur and Walter Jervoise Scott entered into a partnership with George Dalrymple and Robert G W Herbert in the Valley of Lagoons run, a well situated tract of country in the newly opened upper Burdekin district of Queensland. The partnership became Scott Bros Dalrymple & Co with Dalrymple acting as manager. Walter Scott overlanded some of the first stock from the Darling Downs north to the property. Adapting well to the conditions, Walter became managing partner at the end of 1864, when Arthur returned to England and Dalrymple went into politics. Walter remained at the Valley of Lagoons until his death in 1890. The family abandoned the station after Arthur's death in 1895.

This company (NPA ITAB) was established to service the vocational education and training outcomes of the public administration industry. The National Competency Standards for Public Administration was developed under the company. It was registered as a public company on 28 August 1995 and deregistered on 21 September 1999.

The Registrar of Friendly Societies was established in 1873 by the Friendly Societies Act. 1873 (37 Vic. No.4). Previously the registration and regulation of Friendly Societies was governed by English law and then by the Friendly Societies Act 1843. The new Act required that all copies of rules, certificates and documents for all types of Mutual Benefit Societies previously filed in the custody of the Clerk of the Peace were to be transferred to the Registrar of Friendly Societies. The Registrar was responsible for all mutual societies which included Friendly Societies, Benefit Building Loan and Investment Societies, and Co-operative Trading and Industrial Societies. The Friendly Societies Act, 1899 (Act No.31, 1899) repealed the Act of 1873, except the provisions relating to Benefit-Building Loan and Investment Societies, and Co-operative Trading and Industrial Societies. The Act provided for the appointment by the Governor of a Registrar of Friendly Societies. The functions of the Registrar were to prepare and circulate model account, balance-sheet, and valuation forms to societies; and to collect, collate, and publish financial statistics on each society. In 1902, the Registry of Co-operative Societies was established under the Building and Co-operative Societies Act, 1901 (Act No.17, 1902). Under the Act, the Registrar of Friendly Societies became the Registrar of Co-operative Societies. On 8 July 1936 the responsibility for registering trade unions was transferred from the Registrar of Friendly Societies to the Industrial Registrar under the Trade Union Amendment Act, 1936 (Act No. 23, 1936).

Peter Dobrijevic worked as a media analyst and director for a number of stockbroking companies including BZW Australia Limited, ABN AMRO Australia Limited, BNP Equities Australia Limited and Salomon Smith Barney, later Citigroup Global Markets Australia, from the early 1990s to the end of 2005. In January 2011 he became Head of Listed Securities at Centric Wealth Limited.

Dutruc-Moore, abstract artist, was born in Lancashire, England in 1909. He studied at Brighton Art School and became a member of the Melbourne Contemporary Art School. A former member of the Contemporary Art Society in Sydney, Dutruc-Moore exhibited in a number of the society's exhibitions. He then led a roving existence droving cattle, and settling at Narrabeen (Ingleside). He died in Cooktown, on 9 October 1999, aged 90 years.

Jack Dwyer was a delegate for the Federated Miscellaneous Workers' Union from the early 1940s until the 1960s, and after that an organiser for the same union until 1967. He was Assistant Branch Secretary of the New South Wales Branch of the Union from 1967 until his retirement in 1974.

Formed following the amalgamation of the Queensland Coal Association and the Queensland Chamber of Mines c. 1992. The Queensland Mining Council represented employees, employers and operators in the Queensland mining industry.

The Queensland Mining Council discontinued the provision of industrial relations services in 1998. This service was continued by the senior industrial relations advisor, Graham Gillespie, through the establishment of the consultancy firm Gillespie Consulting Services Pty Ltd.

The Queensland Mining Council became the Queensland Resources Council in Nov 2003, expanding its membership to also include explorers, mineral processors, contractors, oil and gas producers and electricity generators.

Walter Frank Harcourt Freeman was born on the Bau Levu Estate, Rewa River, Fiji on 9 March 1900. He was the son of Isabella Freeman (born in Fiji where her father was an apothecary who joined CSR at the Nausori Mill in 1885) and Richard Freeman (who joined CSR as a laboratory clerk in 1884, moved to Fiji as a sugar chemist in 1889 and in 1900 took up the lease of the Bau Levu Estate where he grew sugar cane and managed the Estate for CSR until 1928). Walter Freeman was educated at Chatswood Preparatory School, Sydney and Sydney Church of England Grammar School. He began work with CSR on 1 March 1918 at the Nausori Mill, initially in agriculture on several estates before being promoted to Assistant Cane Inspector in 1921, where he oversaw the work of Indian cane growers and was responsible for the supply of cane to the mill by river. He was promoted to Cane Inspector in 1942 and in January 1948 became Field Superintendent at Sigatoka District, Lautoka Mill. He was later promoted to Field Supervisor, then Acting Manager of Lautoka Mill. In December 1955 he transferred to Nausori Mill, as Acting Manager then Manager. In September 1960 he retired to Sydney and was awarded the MBE. By 1985, Walter Freeman's eldest son and grandson were working at CSR.

John Alexander Gunn, station manager, vaccine inventor and politician, was born on 11 January 1860 in Buninyong, Victoria. He moved to New South Wales around 1878 and from 1880 was employed by Goldsbrough Mort and Company managing Yalgogrin and other stations. Gunn started investigations into the control of anthrax in sheep in 1880 after seeing a demonstration of inoculation against anthrax in sheep conducted by representatives of the Pasteur Institute, France. In 1895 Gunn collaborated with McGarvie Smith of Sydney on an anthrax vaccination, and formed a partnership in which Gunn's vaccine became McGarvie Smith and Gunn's anthrax vaccine. In 1897 he was moved to Borambola station as manager and in 1905 resigned from Goldsbrough Mort and moved to his own property Braehour near Wagga Wagga. Gunn was chairman of the Rabbit Destruction Fund committee; chairman of Narranderra Pastures Protection Board until 1897, afterwards of Wagga Wagga Board; chairman of the Pastures Protection Boards Advisory Council ( 1908-1910); a member of the Stockowners and Farmers and Settlers Associations; president of the Murrumbidgee Pastoral and Agricultural Society (1908). Gunn was a Councillor of Kyeamba Shire from 1906 to 1910 . In 21 July 1908 he was appointed to the NSW Legislative Council, serving his membership until his death on 21 September 1910.

Ronald (Les) Heathcote graduated from the University College London in 1955, completing his Master degree in Nebraska as a Fulbright Scholar in 1959 and then subsequently his PhD at the Australian National University in 1963. From this research he published a book concerning historical settlement and environmental management, Back of Bourke (1965). Heathcote was a reader and lecturer in geography at the University College London (1962-66); from 1966 he was senior lecturer then Reader in Geography at Flinders University, South Australia and was the Flinders University representative on the SA Public Examinations Board (1968-79). He was a member of Council for the Institute of Australian Geographers and a member of the Australian Academy of Science’s National Committee for the Environment and its National Committee for Geography. Elected a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 1981, Dr Heathcote was President of the Institute of Australian Geographers in 1985-6, and in 1989 received an Honours Award of the Association of American Geographers. From 1991 to 1997 he was a representative then chairman of the National Committee for Geography of the Australian Academy of Science. In 1997 Heathcote was awarded the Griffith Taylor Medal from the Institute of Australian Geographers.

Amirah Inglis was born on 7 December 1926 in Brussels and migrated to Melbourne in 1929. She was educated at MacRobertson Girls' High School and graduated from the University of Melbourne with a BA Hons in history, later studying at Canberra University College. Inglis was a member of the Communist Party of Australia from 1945-1962. From 1948 to 1950 she worked on the Communist weekly, The Guardian. She has worked as a Librarian, research assistant and as a teacher in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Inglis has written essays, articles and reviews including two books on Papua New Guinea, and Australians in the Spanish Civil War (Allen & Unwin, 1987) which she researched while at the Australian National University in 1986.

Charles S Jefferies had an interest in the history and practice of taxation in Australia and the Co-operative movement.

Dr Rick Kuhn was born on 18 September 1955 and graduated with a B Ec from University of Sydney (1977), BA with Honours in politics from Macquarie University (1979) and PhD from Sydney University (1985). In 1978 he was a part-time Assistant Lecturer, School of Politics, History and Philosophy, Macquarie University. From 1979 to 1986 Kuhn held Research Officer and senior Project Officer positions at the Bureau of Industry Economics. He joined the Political Science Department, Faculty of Arts, at the Australian National University in 1987 as Lecturer then becoming Senior Lecturer in 1995. Kuhn was for some years a member of the Canberra and Sydney rank and file organisations of the Administrative and Clerical Officers' Association (ACOA) and edited their small national newspaper. Since 2006 Kuhn has been a Reader, School of Politics and International Relations, Research School of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Social Sciences, ANU. He is an editor of the online journal Marxist Interventions.

Egon Kunz, librarian and historian, was born in Hungary and later fled to Australia as a refugee. He was Manuscripts Librarian at the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales. He was later tenured at the Australian National University becoming Reference Librarian. Kunz was also involved in reorganising the Institute of Aboriginal Studies library. He had a strong interest in refugee theory and produced a number of books from the 1960s-1980s in relation to Hungarians in Australia; Australian Professional Attitudes & the Immigrant Professional (1973); Australian Soccer: Ethnicity as a Central Issue (1980); Displaced Persons: Calwell's New Australians (Sydney: ANU Press, 1988).

Don McHugh was ACT Organiser for the NSW Branch of the Australian Builders Labourers Federation (BLF) from 1964-1969. He was the first Secretary of the ACT Branch of the Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers Federation (ABCE&BLF) when it was established in 1973. McHugh was President of the Trades and Labour Council of the ACT from 1966-1969. In January and February 1976 McHugh and the ACT Branch executive of the ABCE&BLF decided to amalgamate with the ACT Branch of the Building Workers' Industrial Union of Australia (BWIU). The Federal Council of the ABCE&BLF opposed the amalgamation, intervened in the ACT Branch and appointed Peter O'Dea as Branch Secretary. By the end of the year the amalgamation had broken down and McHugh remained with the ACT Branch of the BWIU as an organiser.

F D Mercer worked for the Albany shipping agent, Henry Wills and Co Ltd.

Dr Bruce Mitchell was born in Newcastle on 3 October 1935 and graduated with a BA from the University of Sydney in 1957. He taught history at Richmond and Blacktown Boys' high schools and lectured at Sydney Teachers College in the 1960s before completing his PhD at the Australian National University Research School of Social Sciences in 1969. He was a member of the NSW Teachers' Federation and NSW History Teachers Association, and was on the NSW Committee for History in Schools in the 1960s-1970s. In 1970 Mitchell was appointed as a Lecturer (later Senior Lecturer) in the Department of History, University of New England (UNE). In 1975 Mitchell published a major study on the history of education: Teachers, Education and Politics: A History of Organizations of Public School Teachers in New South Wales. He was Dean of Arts at UNE from 1976-1978, and retired from the university in 1994. He died on 12 October 2009.

G S Mol was a member of the Engineering Workshops at the Engineering School, Bruce College of TAFE. He is a locomotive and railway enthusiast and was a member of the Australian Railway Historical Society, ACT Division.

Maurice (Maurie) Mulheron was a signalman with the New South Wales Railways. On 1 April 1938 he joined the Australian Railways Union (ARU) becoming secretary of the NSW Signalmen's Section of the ARU. From 1964-1981 he was the ARU's NSW State Branch Councillor; 1967-1969 NSW State vice president; 1971-1981 Metropolitan Traffic Councillor; Australian Councillor; National Rules Committee; ARU representative on the Signal Box Reclassification Committee. Mulheron was a delegate at State Branch Conferences of the ARU and at the first National Convention held in Albury-Wodonga in 1978. He was president of the Public Transport Union's Retired Members Organisation from about 1994-1995. He is author of Fifty Years of Signalling: History of the Signalmen's Section 1936-1986, printed by the Australian Railways Union. Mulheron died in April 2001.

Alexander Stewart Norquay was born in Chatswood, New South Wales, on 26 June 1932. Norquay received a BA from University of Sydney and a B Ec from the Australian National University. From 1950-1959 he worked for the Commonwealth Bank and then worked with the National Farmers' Union from 1959-1969. He was on the NSW Advisory Committee on Safety in Rural Industries, 1961-1967; Secretary of the Australian Farmers' Union, 1969-1971; Director of Research & Finance, National Farmers' Federation, 1979-1983; Manager of Financial Services, Chamber of Manufacturers of NSW, 1983-1990. Since 1991 Norquay has worked as an accountant and business consultant.

Joseph (Joe) Owens was born in Durham County in the north of England; his Welsh father was a coalminer. He arrived in Australia in 1958, having skipped ship as a seaman, then worked as a cane-cutter in Queensland before working as a dogman on Sydney building sites. He became a member of the Communist Party of Australia and an organiser in the New South Wales Branch of the Australian Building Construction Employees' and Builders' Labourers' Federation (ABCE&BLF). He was Secretary of the NSW Branch of the ABCE&BLF from 1973 to 1975 and along with the Branch leadership which included Jack Mundey and Bob Pringle, supported the BLF Green Bans. In 1975, Owens and other members of the NSW Branch leadership were expelled from the BLF by the federation's then federal secretary Norm Gallagher. Owens was also a Federated Engine Drivers' & Firemen's Association of Australasia (FEDFA) delegate and Senior Project Delegate of the Labour Council to the Darling Harbour Construction Project.

R J Pearson attended Melbourne High School and completed his education in metallurgical engineering at Melbourne Technical College. In 1937 he joined the staff of Metal Manufactures, Port Kembla where he worked in various positions including Technical Controller, Port Kembla Works; General Manager, Port Kembla Works and Group General Manager - Technical until 1980. On his retirement he was Group General Manager at Head Office in Sydney. He was a member of Wollongong University Council, chairman of the council of Wollongong Institute of Education, and became a Fellow at the University of Wollongong. He was awarded Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for services to the metallurgy industry on 26 January 1986.

Walter Jervoise Scott was the second son of James Winter Scott MP, of Rotherfield Park, Alton, Hampshire, England. In 1862 Scott and his brother Arthur (1833-1895) with George Dalrymple and Robert G W Herbert became partners in the Valley of Lagoons run in the upper Burdekin district of Queensland. Arthur and Walter Scott arrived in Queensland early in 1863 with Walter becoming the managing partner at the end of 1864. Walter Scott died on 29 June 1890.

The firm was incorporated in Australia as Connor, Doherty and Durack Limited on 14 May 1897. The company was closely associated with Ivanhoe Grazing Co Pty Ltd and owned cattle properties at Auvergne and Newry (Northern Territory) and Argyle Downs (Western Australia). It was acquired by Union Pastoral Investments Limited in March 1950, a company formed by the Australian Agricultural Company and the Peel River Land & Mineral Company Ltd.

Enid Bishop was born in Melbourne and moved to Canberra with her family in 1944. While working at the National Library in 1956 she began studies in Chinese and Japanese at the Canberra University College and in 1958 was appointed Assistant Librarian of the Oriental Studies Collection at the College. She completed her Bachelor of Arts in 1960 and then her professional library qualifications through the Library Association of Australia and a Masters from Columbia University in 1962. She was appointed Senior Librarian of the ANU Oriental Collection in 1966, the CUC Library having merged with the ANU Library in 1960. In 1969 she undertook a study trip to New Zealand, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, India, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia visiting Asian Studies collections. She also visited China then various Asian Studies collections in Europe in 1973. She was active in the Asian Studies Association of Australia, the International Association of Orientalist Librarians and the Southeast Asian Research Materials Group. She retired in 1984 as Head of the Asian Studies Division of the ANU Library.

The company was incorporated on 16 June 1932 under the name Freehold and Leasehold Lands Limited with a registered office at 4 Bridge Street, Sydney. Shareholders were members of the Vickery family. It became a proprietary company on 1 March 1937. The company operated Willandra (1932-60), Glenrock (1932-60), Munderoo West (1932-38), Homeboin (1932-35), Borgara (1938-50), and Mitchell Downs (1932-35) Stations. Mitchell Downs was sold to Woorooma West Pastoral Co Pty Ltd in 1935. The New Zealand and Australian Land Co acquired the company in 1960.

John Buchanan completed a Grad Dip in Economics at the Australian National University. He was an ANU Students Association Education Committee member in 1980-1984; ANU Law Faculty Student Representative from 1982-1984; and Australian Union of Students Executive member in 1984. Buchanan worked as a researcher for the trade union movement and in the public service before becoming Director of Policy Research in the Commonwealth Department of Industrial Relations. He is Director of the Workplace Research Centre based at the University of Sydney Business School.

Malcolm Rimmer is an academic, researcher and writer in the fields of management, industrial relations and human resources. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Oxford University, and an MA from Warwick University, UK. He was a member of the Department of Industrial Relations at Sydney University before working at the Australian Graduate School of Management, University of New South Wales in 1983. Between 1989 and 1994 he was Professor and Director of the National Key Centre in Industrial Relations at Monash University. Between 1995 and 2005 he was Professor of Human Resource Management at Deakin University. Rimmer was appointed Head of the School of Business at La Trobe University in April 2005.

Born Harvey Alfred Pete Thomas in Perth on 16 June 1914, Thomas commenced his journalistic career in 1933 as a cadet on the West Australian. After three years he was sub-editor and within a decade a leader writer. He was active in the West Australian Branch of the Australian Journalists’ Association. He joined the Communist Party of Australia in 1939. In 1940 he took a journalist position on Perth’s The Daily News, and from January 1942 served in the armed forces. In July 1946 Thomas left Perth to work on the communist weekly the Queensland Guardian, of which he was Editor in 1948. In 1954 the Queensland Guardian folded under financial pressure, but Thomas remained in Brisbane as the Queensland correspondent of the Tribune. In 1956 he transferred to Sydney as industrial writer on the Tribune. He returned to Brisbane in 1960 to restart the Queensland Guardian which he edited until it folded again in December 1966. He then worked in Sydney with the Tribune until 1972. In 1973 Thomas wrote a history of the green bans, Taming the Concrete Jungle, for the NSW Branch of the Builders Labourers’ Federation (BLF). He was a prolific pamphleteer and wrote a series of pamphlets on aspects of the Australian class struggle. In 1973 Thomas was appointed editor of the Australian Coal and Shale Employees’ Federation’s (Miners’ Federation) weekly, Common Cause, where he remained until his retirement in 1979. During this period he also wrote pamphlets for the Miners’ Federation on the Nymboida Mine. On retirement he was commissioned by the Miners’ Federation to write Miners in the 1970s: a narrative history of the Miners’ Federation (1983) and a history of the Queensland miners, the first volume of which was published in 1986. Pete Thomas died on 11 August 1988.

Ian Alexander Hamilton Turner was born on 10 March 1922 at East Malvern, Melbourne. He was educated at Nhill State School, Geelong College and the University of Melbourne where his political interests were informed by the Spanish Civil War, fascism and communism. On 23 October 1941 Turner was called up for full-time service and in August 1942 he transferred to the Australian Imperial Force. In 1943 he joined the Communist Party of Australia. After his discharge from the AIF on 7 February 1945 Turner returned to the University of Melbourne (LLB, 1948; BA, 1949) where he was co-editor of Farrago, joint-secretary of the Labor Club and president of the Students' Representative Council. In 1949 Turner was made secretary of the Australian Peace Council. Following a directive from the CPA, he obtained a job as a railway cleaner and was elected an official with the Australian Railways Union. When Turner was sacked from the railways in 1952, he stood unsuccessfully for the Legislative Assembly seat of Glen Iris as a communist candidate and worked as secretary of the Australasian Book Society. He was expelled from the CPA in 1958 for his opposition to the Soviet Union’s suppression of the Hungarian uprising of 1956. Turner obtained his PhD in 1963 at the Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. His thesis provided the foundation for his books, Industrial Labour and Politics (Canberra, 1965) and Sydney’s Burning (Melbourne, 1967). After lecturing in history at the University of Adelaide from 1962, he moved to Monash University, Melbourne in 1964 where he taught Australian History and was promoted to associate-professor in 1969. Turner died on 27 December 1978 on Erith Island, Bass Strait.

John Lascelles Jenner Wilson was born in New Zealand and graduated from Auckland University (BA) in 1934. Wilson was involved in the Workers’ Educational Association in New Zealand and came to Australia on an appointment as Director of Tutorial Classes at the University of Sydney, a position he held from the 1950s to 1960s. He was involved in the formation of the Association of Adult Education in 1960. From 1965-1968 he held the position of Officer in Charge, Department of Adult Education at the Australian National University. During this time Wilson became involved with the development of an independent education authority for the Australian Capital Territory and was convenor of the working party which helped establish the ACT Education Authority on 1 January 1977.

William Arnold Whitfeld (Bill) Wood was born on 3 December 1911 in Sydney and was the son of historian George Arnold Wood (1865-1928) and Eleanor Wood. Wood was educated at Sydney Grammar School; Sydney University; and was Rhodes Scholar at Balliol, Oxford from 1932-1935. He graduated with a BA in 1936 and an MA in 1946. He worked on the Western Morning News, Plymouth in 1935; Sydney Daily Telegraph 1936; Labour Daily, Sydney in 1938. He ran unsuccessfully as a Labor candidate for the seat of Parramatta in the September 1949 Federal election; as State Labor candidate for Drummoyne in 1941 and for Willoughby in 1943; Communist Party candidate for North Sydney in 1947 and 1956; and Communist Party candidate for Mosman in 1959. He was Editor of Progress 1942-1945 before joining the Royal Australian Artillery as a gunner in 1945. Wood was a member of the Communist Party of Australia and in 1947 he became Foreign Editor of the Tribune, a newspaper published by the CPA. From 1969-1976, Wood worked as a Librarian at the Fisher Library, Sydney University.

Sergio Anthony (Serge) Zorino was an industrial research officer and member of the Communist Party of Australia. From 1976-1977 he was a tutor at the University of New South Wales. He was Research Officer, Secretary ACT, then Assistant Secretary NSW, State Secretary NSW (Coast District Branch) of the Federated Engine Drivers’ and Firemen’s Association (FEDFA) over the period 1977-1986. Zorino then worked as a Research Officer with the Newcastle Workers’ Health Centre, New South Wales 1987-1988 and as Senior Industrial Officer with the Newcastle Trades Hall Council 1988-1989.

This firm of merchants and importers opened an office in Melbourne in 1889 and was incorporated in Melbourne, Victoria on 2 September 1901. It later opened an office in London in 1902. From 1902 the firm occupied the building at 561-563 Bourke Street, Melbourne. The principal owners and directors of the company were five members of the Gollin family. Gollin and Company had a diverse business, handling kerosene and oil distribution and shipment of fruit from Mildura to England. The company became a subsidiary of Holdings company, Gollin Holdings Limited, which was incorporated in Victoria on 30 August 1957. The company went into liquidation on 30 June 1976.

Sugar Australia Pty Limited was established in 1998 as a joint venture between CSR Limited (50% share), Mackay Sugar Co-operative Association Limited (25% share), and ED&F Mann (25% share). The company was registered on 10 February 1998 with a registered office in Yarraville, Victoria. In 2004, CSR purchased ED&F Mann's share of the joint venture.

The New Zealand Sugar Company Limited was formed on 23 June 1883 and operated Chelsea Refinery in Auckland from September 1884. Equal shares were held by the Colonial Sugar Refining (CSR) Company, Victoria Sugar Co, and New Zealand business interests. The first manager was J E Brewster until 1887. His successor W W Philson continued as Auckland Manager for CSR Co Limited after the company was amalgamated with CSR Co Limited in 1888.

The Committee reporting to the Academic Board was originally named the University Community Equity Committee and from 2010 was renamed the University Access and Equity Committee.

The company, a subsidiary of BHP Co Ltd, acted as Manager on behalf of members of the Mt Newman iron ore project in Western Australia 1964-1985, a joint venture of Amax Iron Ore Corp; Pilbara Iron Ltd; Dampier Mining Co Ltd; Seltrust Iron Ore Ltd; and Mitsui-C Itoh Iron Pty Ltd.

The United Furniture Trade Society was based in Victoria and amalgamated with the United Furnishing Eight Hours League on 14 January 1884. It joined the federal body, the Federated Furnishing Trade Societies of Australasia, in September 1909 which was renamed the Federated Furnishing Trade Society of Australia in 1914.

The company was incorporated in Victoria on 3 July 1964 as Kejam Pty Ltd and changed its name to Courage Breweries Limited on 30 November 1966. The company changed its name to Courage Australia Pty Ltd in November 1974 and then to Tooth (Victoria) Limited on 13 December 1979. The company, trading as Tooth (Victoria) Limited was deregistered on 22 October 2006.

The Association for Tertiary Education Management Inc (ATEM) was founded as the Australian Institute of College Administrators in 1975 originally under the direction of the Caulfield Institute of Technology Administrative Officers Association. Due to considerable interest from other states their focus shifted to the formation of a national organisation. At the first Annual General Meeting of the AICA held on 30 April 1976, the organisation's name was revised to the Australian Institute of Tertiary Education Administrators. In 1996 the organisation's name was changed to the Association for Tertiary Education Management Inc.

The NSW Forest Products Association, formerly named the Associated Country Sawmillers of NSW Ltd, was established in 1906 as the representative organisation of the forest and forest products industry in New South Wales. Branches are in the Upper North East, Lower North East, Western, Southern and Riverina areas of New South Wales.

The association was inaugurated as the Federal Council of the Chambers of Automotive Industries in July 1939 and changed its name to the Federal Council of Automotive Industries in 1943. The association is registered as the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries since 10 January 1980.

The company was affiliated with the United Licensed Victuallers Association and its successor the Australian Hotels Association, New South Wales branch. The company was registered in New South Wales on 12 December 1933 as the ULVA Sporting News Pty Ltd and changed its name in 1935 to ULVA Publications Pty Ltd. In 1935 the ULVA purchased the 'Licensed Victuallers' Gazette', changing its name to the 'ULVA Review'. When ULVA became AHA (NSW) in 1959, the company changed its name to AHA Publications Pty Ltd. It was deregistered on 27 February 1992.

In 1856 John Kitchen and his sons, John Ambrose, Phillip and Theophilus, began making tallow candles from butchers' scraps in the backyard of their home at Emerald Hill (South Melbourne). Ordered out as an offensive trade, the business removed to Sandridge (Port Melbourne) in 1858. Fire destroyed the company's premises in 1860, but they were quickly rebuilt and a Melbourne office was opened. In 1870 the Kitchens bought Gossage Brothers' soap and candle factory at Footscray to which they transferred their boiling-down operations. Manufacture of stearine candles commenced there in 1871. The driving force in the subsequent expansion of J Kitchen & Sons was John Ambrose, who established a factory in Wellington, New Zealand (1876), and bought out competitors at Sandhurst/Bendigo (1878), Echuca (1887) and Wangaratta (1887). Incorporated in 1883, J Kitchen & Sons, now employed some 300 workers at their factory in Melbourne. Apart from making candles and soap, and rendering tallow, they were also manufacturing glycerine, washing blue, soda crystals and baking powder. Following a merger with Apollo Company Limited in 1885 J Kitchen & Sons became the pre-eminent soap and candle manufacturer in the eastern mainland colonies, with a factory in Brisbane and a half-interest in the Sydney Soap & Candle Company Limited. A boiling-down factory was opened in Alexandria, a suburb of Sydney, in 1886 and, by 1895 J Kitchen & Sons had successfully introduced machine milling to Australia - instead of being mixed with the melted soap, perfumes were milled and pressed in by machine. J Kitchen & Sons moved into the southern and western parts of Australia by 1902 and, in 1907, began producing copra oil from a plantation at Milne Bay, Papua. Velvet soap was introduced as a brand name in 1906 and Solvol in 1915. In February 1915 the Company became a proprietary one and the name altered to J Kitchen & Sons Pty Ltd. By 1924 all Kitchen interests throughout Australia had been absorbed, by purchase, into J Kitchen & Sons Pty Ltd. The main premises, located at Port Melbourne, covered one hundred and seventeen acres and employed about 1,400 people. J Kitchen and Sons merged with WH Burford & Sons of Adelaide and Lever Brothers of Sydney in 1924 to form Australian Producers Co-Partnership Ltd (renamed Associated Enterprises Pty Ltd in 1932). The activities of the individual companies were coordinated by a General (Central) Management Board, comprising representatives of Lever Brothers in Balmain, the Kitchen interests and Levers Pacific Plantations. Unilever developed in Australia from this basis. In 1944 Associated Enterprises Pty Ltd was renamed Lever Associated Enterprises Pty Ltd (LAEP). The central executive of LAEP took over the duties of the Chairman and the directors of each of the subordinate companies, together with the technical direction that determined the character and composition of the products each company made. In 1945 Unilever began a period of rationalisation, diversification and integration in Australia. From 1948 production at the Kitchen factory in Brisbane was wound down and, in 1956 Unilever (Australia) Pty Ltd (UAPL) became the holding company for all Unilever’s Australian interests. Further rationalisation was conceived and in 1962 Unilever’s two major Australian soap marketing companies, J Kitchen & Sons Pty Ltd of Melbourne and Lever Brothers Pty Ltd of Sydney amalgamated to form Lever & Kitchen Pty Ltd.

On 2 September 1929, British-based Lever Brothers and the Dutch union of fats and oils businesses, Margarine Unie, signed an agreement to create Unilever. Unilever developed in Australia from an association, in 1924, between major soap making companies Lever Brothers Ltd of Sydney, J Kitchen & Sons Pty Ltd of Melbourne and WH Burford & Sons Ltd of Adelaide. Gradually these companies moved into the edible oils and fats market, then into the foods, ice cream and personal products sections of business as well as chemicals, printing and distribution. This Lever-Kitchen-Burford association continued as a relatively static enterprise for more than thirty years. Little attempt was made by Unilever to rationalise the separate marketing identities; internal competition persisted. Then, in 1956, all Unilever’s Australian businesses were merged under the one banner – Unilever (Australia) Pty Ltd (UAPL). The UAPL Board’s responsibility included the general supervision of the operating companies – Lever & Kitchen, Rosella Foods, Edible Oil Industries, Streets Ice Cream, Rexona, Lintas, SPD Transport, Beacon Research, Unilever Australia Export and, briefly, Hillcastle (NZ), formerly Eugene NZ Ltd. Unilever House was opened, in 1958, at 1-33 Macquarie Street, Sydney, to accommodate a new centralised management structure. In 1961 Unilever’s Australian interests were grouped under a holding company, Unilever Australia (Holdings) Pty Ltd, which operated through its main subsidiary, Unilever Australia Ltd. From 1 January 1970 the UAPL Board was replaced by National Management comprising Unilever Australia (Holdings) Pty Ltd directors. By 1983 Unilever in Australia was represented by a group of companies producing and marketing a wide variety of consumer goods, industrial products and related services - John West Foods Pty Ltd, Unilever Australia Export Pty Ltd, Unifood Services Pty Ltd, Unichema Australia Pty Ltd, Streets Ice Cream Pty Ltd, Rosella Lipton Pty Ltd, Rexona Pty Ltd, Lever & Kitchen Pty Ltd, Edible Oil Industries (EOI) Pty Ltd. Most of the operating companies had their own Boards of Directors, all reporting to the Chairman of Unilever Australia Ltd.

Lever Brothers, one of the first companies to manufacture soap from vegetable oils, was founded by William Hesketh Lever and his brother, James Darcy Lever in England, in 1885. Lever gave the soap the brand name of ‘Sunlight’ and sold it wrapped in distinctive packs. In 1889 Lever Brothers opened an office in Sydney and products manufactured in England were imported into Australia and sold, mainly through agents. In return, copra from the Pacific islands and Australian tallow, were shipped, as raw materials, to the company’s works at Port Sunlight. In 1897 an oil and copra plant was established at Balmain, Sydney, and, in 1900, the Balmain plant began to manufacture Sunlight soap and glycerine. Other products followed. Lever Brothers Ltd (Australia) had been incorporated in New South Wales as an Australian enterprise, 29 December 1899, and the soap works and copra mill at Balmain were owned by the new company. Lever’s Australian business developed into a stable soap, detergent and edible oil manufacturing enterprise, built up by mergers with dominant rivals. The first branch office of Lever Bothers Ltd (Australia) was opened in Melbourne in 1911 and by 1924 branch offices had replaced agents’ offices in Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. Lever Brothers (Australia) Ltd began an association with J Kitchen and Sons Pty Ltd of Melbourne and WH Burford and Sons Ltd of Adelaide, in 1914 and in 1924 all three merged to form Australian Producers Co-Partnership Ltd (renamed Associated Enterprises Pty Ltd in 1932 and Lever Associated Enterprises Pty Ltd in 1944). The business activities of each firm were coordinated by a General (Central) Management Board, comprising representatives of Lever Brothers in Balmain, the Kitchen interests and Levers Pacific Plantations. After the amalgamation of Lever Brothers and Unilever was complete, in 1937, Lever Bothers Ltd (Australia) became Lever Bothers Pty Ltd (Australia). In 1956 Unilever (Australia) Pty Ltd (UAPL) took over Lever Associated Enterprises Pty Ltd as the holding company for all Unilever’s Australian interests, including Lever Bothers Pty Ltd. Then, in 1962, following a further period of rationalisation, diversification and integration, Unilever amalgamated its two major Australian soap marketing companies, J Kitchen & Sons Pty Ltd of Melbourne and Lever Brothers Pty Ltd of Sydney to form Lever & Kitchen Pty Ltd.

The Association of Employers of Waterside Labour was an organisation of waterfront employers, comprising Australian shipping owners and the various stevedoring companies around Australia. They were responsible for supplying labour to ports and terminals and acted as the representative of employers in discussions with the Waterside Workers Federation. The AEWL became inactive as a registered organisation from 1995 when it underwent liquidation, being deregistered on 23 January 2006.

The Association was founded in 1914 as the Sydney Foremen Stevedores' Association and registered under the New South Wales Trade Union Act of 1881 and the Industrial Arbitration Act of 1912 on 9 July 1915. The union was registered federally under the Conciliation & Arbitration Act of 1904 on 22 September 1939. The name of the Association was changed to the Australian Foremen Stevedores' Association at a Special Meeting of members held on 9 July 1941, and was registered on 20 October 1941. The Association continued to operate until 1991 when it was amalgamated into the Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia.

In August 1900 “the stevedores of [port Sydney] finding that they were working at different hours and paying different wages formed an Association with the object of framing regulations to which all the members agreed to adhere and which were simply designed for the purpose of fixing the hours of labour of their workmen and their rates of pay – objects beneficial alike to the labourers themselves, the shipowners and the stevedores”. (Letter of C L Cowper, Chairman of the S.S. Ass. to the editor Fair Play, 30 April 1901, attached to the minutes of the meeting on 30 April 1901). Some time during 1902 the name was changed to Sydney Stevedores’ Wool-dumping and Lighterage Association, Industrial Union of Employers.

In 1909, all the state associations for glass bottle makers formed the Amalgamated Glass Bottle Makers' Union of Australia and it was registered federally the same year. The name was changed to the Australian Glass Workers' Union in 1918. In 1920 the Federated Glass Founders' Association of Australia and the Press and Flint Glass Workers' Union of New South Wales joined the AGWU. In September 1992 the Australian Glass Workers' Union was amalgamated into the Federation of Industrial Manufacturing & Engineering Employees. This union underwent further amalgamations until 1993 when it amalgamated with the Australian Workers Union to form the AWU-FIME Amalgamated Union in 1993, later known simply as the AWU.

The Association was established in 1917 as the Commonwealth Legal Professional Officers Association and changed its name to the Australian Government Lawyers Association in 1974. In 1991 the Association merged with the Professional Officers' Association, Australian Public Service.

The Australian Hairdressers Wigmakers and Hairworkers Employees' Federation was organised in Victoria before 1890. However, it was not registered with the Conciliation and Arbitration Court until the 1 June 1911. The Union amalgamated with the Mannequins' & Models' Guild of Australia and the Shop Distributive & Allied Employees' Association in 1991 to form a new Shop Distributive & Allied Employees' Association.

The Australian Timber Industry Stabilisation Conference (AusTIS) was originally formed in 1943 as the Eastern States Timber Industry Stabilisation Conference (ESTIS). It changed its name to AusTIS in 1959 when the membership was expanded to bring together the timber industry with state and commonwealth government forest services, and organisations representing the industry within Papua New Guinea.

The Australian Timber Workers' Union was registered in 1918 after the deregistration of the Amalgamated Timber Workers' Union of Australia. The new union extended coverage to workers in box and case factories, saw makers' shops, joiners' workshops, carpenters, implement workers and wood working machinists. In 1940 the union filed an application and succeeded in extending its coverage to most workers employed in the timber and wood industry including cabinet makers and furniture factories. In 1991 it amalgamated with the Pulp & Paper Workers' Federation of Australia to form the Australian Timber & Allied Industries Union. Later in the year another amalgamation with the Building Workers' Industrial Union of Australia created the ATAIU & BWIU Amalgamated Union. Further amalgamations eventually saw this union become part of the Construction Forestry Mining & Energy Union in 1993.